Periodic properties are a crucial part of chemistry, especially for competitive exams like IIT JEE and NEET. They help in understanding how elements behave in terms of their position in the periodic table. Here’s a brief overview of some key periodic properties you might encounter: Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
1. Atomic Radius
- Definition: The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost electron shell. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Trend:
- Across a Period: Decreases from left to right due to increasing nuclear charge, which pulls electrons closer to the nucleus. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Down a Group: Increases as additional electron shells are added, outweighing the effect of the increased nuclear charge. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
2. Ionization Energy
- Definition: The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Trend:
- Across a Period: Increases from left to right because of the greater nuclear charge attracting electrons more strongly. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Down a Group: Decreases as electrons are further from the nucleus and shielded by inner electrons. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
3. Electron Affinity
- Definition: The energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom in the gas phase. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Trend:
- Across a Period: Generally becomes more negative (more exothermic) as atoms become more eager to accept additional electrons. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Down a Group: Becomes less negative because added electrons are further from the nucleus and are less attracted. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
4. Electronegativity
- Definition: The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Trend:
- Across a Period: Increases from left to right as the effective nuclear charge increases.Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Down a Group: Decreases because additional electron shells reduce the nucleus’s attraction for bonding electrons. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
5. Metallic and Non-metallic Character
- Trend:
- Across a Period: Metallic character decreases (elements become more non-metallic). Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Down a Group: Metallic character increases (elements become more metallic). Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
6. Reactivity
- Metals:
- Across a Period: Reactivity decreases as you move from left to right.
- Down a Group: Reactivity increases. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Non-metals:
- Across a Period: Reactivity increases.
- Down a Group: Reactivity decreases. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
7. Oxidation States
- Elements exhibit varying oxidation states based on their position in the periodic table. Trends in oxidation states can often be related to the position within a period or group. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
Key Tips for IIT JEE and NEET:
- Understand Trends: Knowing how each property changes across periods and down groups helps in predicting the behavior of elements. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
- Practice Problems: Solve practice questions to familiarize yourself with interpreting periodic trends.
- Conceptual Clarity: Make sure you understand why trends occur, not just memorize them. Best IIT-JEE ,NEET Coaching In Varanasi.
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